Dairy manure applied at rates to meet corn (Zea mays L.) nitrogen (N) requirements usually causes accumulation of phosphorus (P) in soils.  Applying manure at rates equivalent to crop P removal can avoid soil P buildup and control potential P runoff losses.  This study evaluated the effects of using N- or P-based manure application strategies on corn growth and yield and soil P status.  Three fertilization procedures were applied annually for 5 yr (2002 to 2006) and included fertilizer N, manure applied to meet crop N needs, and manure applied to supply anticipated grain P removal supplemented with fertilizer N to equal the N supplied in the fertilizer N treatment. Fertilizer N only was applied to all treatments for an additional 4 yr (2007 to 2010) to study the residual effects of manure applications on corn production and soil P.  During the 5-yr manure application phase, the N-and P-based manure treatments had higher yields than the fertilizer N treatment in only one year.  During the 4-yr residual phase, manure treatments had higher yields than the fertilizer N treatment in 2009 and 2010.  After 4 yr of manure application, soil test P increased from an initial value of 89 mg kg^-1 to 114 and 135 mg kg^-1 in the P-based and N-based manure treatments, respectively, while the fertilizer N treatment declined to 77 mg kg^-1.  In 2009, soil test P was 68 and 87 mg kg^-1 in the P-based and N-based manure treatments, respectively, and the fertilizer N treatment declined to 50 mg kg^-1.  Manure applied annually for 5 yr at N- or P-based rates maintained or increased corn yields, and yields were significantly increased by the residual effects of manure additions.  Using a P-based manure application strategy maintained lower soil P levels during both application and residual phases.