Leaching of significant quantities of phosphorus (P) into groundwater from soils is an environmental concern with fertilized and manured soils. This study quantified and compared P leaching losses through intact soil columns four weeks after manure or fertilizer amendment with and without incorporation, and examined the relationships between quantities of P leached and alternative measures of soil test P (STP). Four fertility treatments (liquid swine manure (LSM), solid cattle manure (SCM), monoammonium phosphate fertilizer (MAP) and un-amended control) and two tillage treatments (incorporated with roto-tillage and unincorporated) were arranged in a split plot design with 4 replicates in a field with no recent history of manure application at Carman, Manitoba (Orthic Black Chernozem). Manure or fertilizer was surface applied at 80 kg P ha^-1 and immediately roto-tilled for incorporated treatments. A surface soil sample (0-15 cm depth) and an intact soil column were taken (15 cm soil depth) from each plot four weeks after fertilizer or manure application. Soil samples were analyzed for Olsen-P (OP), Mehlich 3-P (M3P) Modified Kelowna- P (KP) and water extractable P (WEP). Phosphorus leaching losses from intact soil columns were simulated in a laboratory by supplying water through a rain-drip system to the top of the columns. One pore volume of leachate was collected and analyzed for dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP). The magnitude of STP increase and quantity of P leached from manured and fertilized plots followed the order of: MAP > LSM > SCM. Incorporation of manure or fertilizer did not have a significant influence on STP, but significantly reduced the quantity of P leached. Quantity of P leached in incorporated plots showed a significant but weak correlation with M3P only, whereas in unincorporated plots the quantity of P leached was significantly (P<0.05) correlated with all STP, with KP showing the strongest correlation (P<0.001).