Production of rice, maize and wheat in the past few decades has declined in many parts of Asia due to increasing water stress arising partly from increasing temperature, increasing frequency of El Niño and reduction in the number of rainy days (IPCC, 2007). Studies suggest that increases in mean air temperature could decrease rain-fed rice yield and that by the middle of this century, the tri-planting boundary in northern China could shift from Changjiang valley to Huanghe basin, and double-planting regions could move towards the existing single planting areas, while single planting areas may shrink. The rain-fed crops in the plains of North and North-East China could face water-related challenges in coming decades, due to increases in water demands and soil-moisture deficit associated with projected decline in precipitation. This paper presents an overview of the agricultural climate change impacts, adaptation, and mitigation for East Asia, with a focus on China.