Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) is the most common viral pathogen transmitted by seeds, aphids and mechanical wounding, negatively affecting yield and seed quality in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Individual soybean reactions to SMV are classified into three responses as resistant (symptomless), necrotic (hypersensitive), or susceptible (mosaic). Seven strains of SMV (G1 to G7), and three independent SMV resistance loci Rsv1, Rsv3 and Rsv4 with multiple alleles have been identified. These three genes have been genetically and molecularly characterized, and only some cultivars have confirmed the presence or absence of a particular resistance gene. Over 300 soybean germplasm collected worldwide including SMV-resistant lines with known and unknown genes and SMV-susceptible lines, are being phenotyped and genotyped in this study. SSR and SNP markers are being screened and gene-based SSR, SNP, and PCR markers are being identified for Rsv1 on chromosome (chr) 13 [linkage group (LG) F], Rsv3 on chr 14 (LG B2), and Rsv4 on chr 2 (LG D1b). SMV resistance genes are being postulated in these soybean lines by both phenotyping using SMV strains G1 to G7 in greenhouse and genotyping using gene-based SSR, SNP, and PCR markers. The gene-based molecular markers will provide breeders with a tool to select SMV resistance, and identified SMV-resistant lines will provide breeders with SMV resistance donors to be used in soybean breeding program with marker-assisted selection.