Data documenting crop residue removal effects on soil properties is limited for semiarid cropping systems.� In 2008, a Bioenergy Cropping Study (BCS) was initiated near Mandan, North Dakota, USA to investigate residue removal effects on crop production, environmental outcomes, and economic returns.� In this investigation, we sought to quantify short-term (3 yr) soil responses to applied BCS treatments, which included three crop sequences [Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-Dry pea (Pisum sativum L.), SW-P; Spring wheat-Dry pea-Corn (Zea mays L.), WPC; Spring wheat-Pea/Cover crop mixture; WP/CCM] and four levels of residue removal (No biomass removal, NONE; Wheat straw mechanically harvested, WHARV; Wheat straw, pea residue, corn stover mechanically harvested, ALLHARV; Wheat straw, pea residue, corn stover grazed, ALLGRZ).� Treatment effects on soil properties were mostly concentrated near the soil surface.� Soil bulk density (0-5 cm) was significantly greater in ALLGRZ (1.25 Mg m^-3) compared to other residue removal treatments (Mean = 1.16 Mg m^-3), as was extractable NH₄-N and total N.� Significantly lower soil pH was observed at 0-5 cm for ALLHARV (5.46) compared to ALLGRZ and NONE (Mean = 5.66).� Soil organic C and particulate organic matter C were not affected by residue removal treatments at any depth.� Among crop sequences, soil bulk density (0-10 cm) and pH (0-20 cm) were significantly lower in WPC than WP and WP/CCM.� Particulate organic matter C at 0-5 cm was greater under WPC and WP/CCM (Mean = 3147 kg C ha^-1) than WP (2570 kg C ha^-1).� Despite the relatively short duration of BCS treatments, changes in soil condition were observed in this investigation.� Continued monitoring is necessary to discern the trajectory in soil properties and associated implications to soil function and system sustainability.