As many as 25% of Texas South Plains peanut fields are undernodulated or in some cases not nodulated at all in spite of the use of peanut-specific Bradyrhizobium inoculant. Lack of nodulation has been attributed to remaining use of seedbox inoculant powders, improper application/placement of inoculant in the seed furrow, and shallow planting into hot, dry soils. The objective is to examine the effect of peanut seeding depth, hence depth of inoculant placement, on Bradyrhizobium nodulation of peanut. Well nodulated fields have higher yield potential and reduced need for mid-season N fertilizer. In 2003-2005, peanuts were planted in a modified RCBD at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 cm depth for liquid in-furrow inoculant, granular in-furrow inoculant, and uninoculated controls. In mid-June (about six weeks after planting) then again in mid-August (peak nodulation) eight plants per plot were dug from each plot and nodules per plant were counted. Uninoculated plants averaged about 1 and 5 nodules per plant for all depths for the June and August counts, respectively. Little to no additional nodulation was found for liquid inoculant at 2.5 cm depth vs. controls, and nodulation due to granular inoculant was reduced by half at the shallow planting depth. These reduced nodule differences occurred in spite of planting into moist soil and irrigating soon after planting. No differences in nodulation were observed at the 5.0 and 7.5 cm depths. Producers in the Texas South Plains often plant shallow into dry soil then irrigated in an effort to get a quick stand, but when Bradyrhizobium nodulation is reduced then yield potential is reduced considerably for unnodulated peanut crops.