Indirect Selection for Grain Yield Using Parameters Locally Determined in NW Mexico in Diverse Worldwide Nurseries in Spring Bread Wheat.

Derived of a strong relationship between the canopy reflectance and grain yield in Northwest Mexico, NWI-3 and canopy temperature were used to determine their relationship with the grain yield of multiple yield testing nurseries of the advanced spring wheat lines from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) included in the 24^th ESWYT (elite spring wheat yield trial), 11^th SAWYT (semi-arid wheat yield trial), and 11^th HTWYT (high temperature wheat yield trial). The NWI-3, canopy temperature, and grain yield were determined in NW Mexico for the 24^th ESWYT (well irrigated), 11^th SAWYT (well irrigated and water stress) and 11^th HTWYT (well irrigated, water stress, and high temperature) during three seasons. The database from CIMMYT for the 24^th ESWYT, 11^th SAWYT, and 11^th HTWYT was used to obtain grain yield data in diverse worldwide nurseries (2003). The grain yield of nurseries in each trial showed great diversity for the entries of the 24^th ESWYT (0.75-9.0 t ha^-1), 11^th SAWYT (0.62-8.17 t ha^-1), and 11^th HTWYT (0.41-6.98 t ha^-1). The NWI-3, canopy temperature, and grain yield obtained from NW Mexico in diverse environments showed significant associations with the yield of several nurseries located in different regions for the three international trials. Depending on the environment in which NWI-3 and CT were measured, they showed significant relationships with locations distributed in certain worldwide areas. However, when the top 25% yielding lines for each international trial was employed based in their yield in NW Mexico, the number of significant associations were increased. For the 24^th ESWYT, the major significant correlations were obtained with nurseries located in Central Asia, Central Africa, Southern Europe, and South and North America, for the 11^th SAWYT with nurseries from Central Asia, North Africa, Southern Europe and North America, and for the 11^th HTWYT with nurseries in Central Asia.