Techniques to Reduce Ammonia Emission Following Field Application of Liquid Animal Manure; Northern European Experiences.

Techniques to reduce ammonia emission following field application of liquid animal manure; Northern European experiences 1Nyord T.*, 2Misselbrook T., 3Rodhe L., 4Smith K., 5Webb J. 1*Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aarhus, 8830 Tjele, Denmark, tavs.nyord@agrsci.dk 2North Wyke Research, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK 3JTI - Swedish Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Box 7033, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden 4ADAS Wolverhampton, Woodthorne, Wolverhampton, WV6 8TQ, UK 5AEA, Gemini Building, Harwell Business Centre, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QR, UK Application of liquid animal manure to land represents one of the major sources of ammonia emissions to the atmosphere for most North European countries. Increasing concerns about the environmental impacts of atmospheric ammonia and international pressures to reduce these have led to a considerable research efforts in recent years to develop and assess low emission slurry application techniques. This paper will focus on Northern European experiences with different techniques, including band spreading (trailing hose and trailing shoe) and shallow and deep soil injection. In particular, the paper will focus on the reduction in ammonia emission achieved by these techniques, when compared to conventional surface broadcast application, and the slurry, soil, weather, crop and equipment design factors which will influence the reduction efficiency.