Seed Quality As a "Complex Trait" - Genetic X Environmental and Developmental Patterns That Contribute to the Expression of Seed Quality.

Scientists forecast that the extent of global climate changes will overwhelm the adaptive capabilities of natural ecosystems. Increases in atmospheric CO₂, rising temperature, and changing precipitation patterns and intensity will affect biological systems by increasing abiotic and biotic stress. These environmental changes also will affect seed development and maturation, and consequently, will affect seed quality. Seed quality is a complex trait essential for successful seed survival and perpetuation of the species.  Seed quality encompasses seed germination and vigor, seed composition, and seed storage potential. Changes in diurnal and nocturnal temperatures, soil fertility, ambient CO₂ and ozone, developmental water stress, and delayed harvest have the potential to reduce seed quality. Seed quality changes due to environmental stress also can be observed in nearly isogenic lines, such as soybean cultivars, highlighting the importance of genetic x environment (GxE) interactions for this seed trait. This GxE interaction can negatively impact germplasm conservation by affecting seed longevity in storage.