Frac Sand Mine Reclamation and Soil Health.

Wisconsin’s bedrock sand is the best source for fracking sand in the world. Bedrock sand mining in Wisconsin has exploded and more than 100 permitted sand mines now exist. Hydraulic fracturing uses this silica sand to extract gas and oil with a pressurized mixture of sand, water and chemicals. Very little information exists on the impact of this intensive upland bedrock mining. With this concentrated location of fracking sand it is important to understand the possible effects on soil and its health. This project has measured and documented soil physical and biological properties in an unmined area directly adjacent to an active mine. A total of 30 sites were selected  across two major soil types. Soil particle size, soil bulk density, aggregate stability, and soil carbon flux were measured. This research will help provide an understanding of the effects of mining  as well as guide reclamation practices and decisions.