Identification of Soil Structure in New Soils.

Soil structure identification is critical to the description and classification of soils. Structure grade, size, and shape influence rooting, gas exchange, and hydrologic properties. Soil functionality and health evaluations are dependent on proper and accurate description of soil structure. However, the definition of soil structure does not carry a set of qualifying criteria. It is sometimes a challenge to identify soil structure from desiccation, compaction, or contraction clods in newly deposited soils, especially soils constructed from transported soil material. Therefore a study will be carried out to compare clods in recently deposited dredged soil with older dredged soil to develop a preliminary set of defining criteria. Two study sites will be examined in Eastern Virginia. The criteria can be used to determine whether to name a soil horizon as a B or C horizon, and in the identification of several major diagnostic horizons used in Soil Taxonomy. Thus the soil classification and functionality assessments may change due to identification of soil structure in new soils common on reclaimed mine lands, wetlands, and urban areas. Soil health measures on farmed and pastured lands will be affected by improved and more consistent soil structure identification.