In order to save soil regular researches of the influence of various natural and anthropogenic factors on soil properties are necessary. The gradients of temperature and humidity caused by the atmospheric phenomena, directly connected with the solar energy acting on a surface of soil always take place in soil. All processes, occurring in soil, depend on established in the soil thermal, water and air regimes. For a theoretical substantiation of processes occurring on the Earth, it is necessary to have the data of a set of various characteristics of soil and lower layer of an atmosphere. For definition of the size of heat and moisture participating in processes of turbulent exchange between soil and an atmosphere, it is necessary to measure gradients of temperature and humidity in ground, and lower layer of atmosphere and one must know the direction of a thermal flow in soil too. There are various methods of definition of thermal and moisture characteristics of soil including accounting, laboratory and field methods. Though a lot of works were devoted to the separate researches of heat and moisture transfer in soils, however the researches devoted to simultaneous decision of this problem are not enough. In the given work the results of laboratory and field researches of heat and mass transfer in soil are presented. As an example, the results of researches of heat and water transfer in gray, brown and yellow soils, on granulometric composition belonging to easy clay and average clay soils are presented. The redistribution of temperature and humidity is shown depending on created gradients of temperature and humidity in soils. The speed of heat and moisture transfer are established depending on duration of influence of a gradient of temperature in soil, simultaneously the size of a back flow of a moisture was investigated too. The thermal and moisture properties of soils are investigated depending on such characteristics of ground as structure, contents of humus, capacity of absorption, granulometric composition, density, initial humidity, gradient of temperature, etc. The various laws in behavior of heat and mass transfer in soils are established depending on basic factors of soil. By extrapolation of data, received in laboratory and field conditions, the satisfactory consent between them is established. The occurrence, even insignificant gradient of temperature or humidity in soil will become the cause of heat and moisture transfer. The size of arising trasportation is quantitatively determined at existence gradients of temperature and humidity in soil. For each type of soils the optimum conditions of transfer both moisture and heat are established. The received material is recommended to apply in drawing up various models of substance and energy transfer in soils, in determining the quantity of moving and direction of nutritious elements, in drawing up of water, thermal and salt balances at washings of salted soils. Keywords: soil, thermal and moisture transfer, rating of transfer, reversing transfer.