There are 762,000 ha Moso bamboo forest in Jiangxi province. Fertilization with small amount of nitrogen or compound fertilizers increased the yield of Moso bamboo shoot and wood production by ten folds in value. This study intended to establish a scientific fertilization program for bamboo forest production. Based on the results from soil testing data and greenhouse nutrient study, six treatments were set in the field trials. Among those treatments, the N2P1K1 at the fertilizer rates of 207 kg N, 63 kg P₂O₅ and 45 kg K₂O per ha gave the best shoot or shoot and wood production in Fengxin, and N1P1K2 at 92 kg N, 63 kg P₂O₅ and 90 kg K₂O per ha in Tonggu. Therefore, those fertilization rates were recommended for high productive bamboo forest field. The economic analysis indicated balanced fertilization is highly profitable. The quality of both bamboo shoot and wood are improved significantly. The benefits of balance fertilization not only gave higher income for bamboo shoot and wood by higher quantity and quality but also improved ground coverage by higher plant population for the sloping land to reduce the soil erosion. Key words: Moso bamboo forest; balanced fertilization; soil nutrient.