Saturday, 15 July 2006
166-2

Effect of Cultivation on Some Soil Quality Indicators in Irrigated Arid Lands.

Abdelaziz S. Sheta, Ain Shams Univ, Faculty of Agriculture, Soil Science Dept, Cairo, Shobra El-Khema, Egypt

Pedological characteristics of irrigated arid lands are quite different in the presence of diagnostic horizons. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of cultivations on some soil quality indicators for sustainable management. Twenty soil profiles represent number of farms were selected. The farms varied in the management practices and cultivation periods. Results indicated that the studied soils were classified to torrifluvents, calcigypsids, petrogypsids haplocalcids. Changes in soil quality parameters due to cultivation periods included increasing the thickness, darkening and O.M content of the surface Ap horizon and improvement of soil structure. Relative Horizon Distinctness (RHD) values for surface horizons were improved with increasing cultivation periods. Soil erosion has negative effect on the thickness of Ap horizon of calcigypsids. Irrigation systems affected soil salinity, with increasing cultivation periods the ECe values decreased in torrifluvents under surface irrigation while it increased under drip irrigation and green house cultivation. On the other hand ECe increased in most of aridisols with the increase in cultivation periods under sprinkler irrigation. Siam dominated the amorphous materials and increased with cultivation in Ap horizon. Amounts of available nutrient varied considerably with cultivation periods. It decreased in the soils cultivated for less than 5 years and increased with intensive cultivation for 25 years. K level decreased with cultivation. Infiltration rate in the haplocalcids decreased after 15 years of cultivation due to the deterioration of some soil properties such as high SAR, ESP and clay dispersion. This study shows deteriorations in some soil quality indicators as a result of cultivations and improper management practices. Improvement can be obtained with proper monitoring of soil quality parameters and management practices.


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