A long-term fertilizer experiment has been initiated on Typic Ustocrept at the experiment farm of Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India since kharif 1997 on maize-wheat cropping system. The yield data (1997-98 to 2003-04) showed that nitrogen application alone remarkably increased the yield of maize and wheat. Application of phosphorus with nitrogen did not improve crop yield initially but after three years significant response of this nutrient was observed. Similarly, addition of potassium with nitrogen and phosphorus did not enhanced crop yield for first the five years of experimentation. Highest yield of maize and wheat was recorded by application 100% NPK with FYM @ 10 t ha^-1. Incorporation of FYM alone @ 20 t ha^-1 (organic-farming) did not prove beneficial in term of yield and the level of crop production was as low as that 100% N indicating organic farming could not sustain crop yield over the years. The uptake of N, P, K, Zn and S increased with increase in crop yield and higher uptake were observed in 150% NPK and 100% NPK plus FYM @ 10 t ha^-1. The study concluded that combined use of chemical fertilizer and organic manure is must for sustainable crop production and better nutrient utilization for a long period. Key words:Long-term effect, organic farming, crop yield, nutrient uptake.