Saturday, 15 July 2006
137-34

Hydraulic Characteristics of Mountainous Soils in Korea.

Kang-Ho Jung1, Seungoh Hur1, Yeon-Kyu Sonn1, Yeong Sang Jung2, and Sang-Keun Ha1. (1) National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Suin-ro 150, Seodun-dong, Suwon, South Korea, (2) Kangwon National University, Division of Biological Environment, Kangwon National Univ, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea

The Korean peninsula is located in a temperate zone which includes Asian monsoon belts. Annual precipitation is in the range of 900 to 1,600 mm, with about 2/3 of the total precipitation falling in the summer. Seventy-five percent of the land is located on a steep slope--which means that the portion of runoff water from mountain and forest area to total precipitation is large. Runoff is dependent on infiltration rate in soil. Most of mountainous soils in Korea belong to Inceptisols, especially Dystrudepts but hydraulic properties are various with parent material. For example, soils from coarse granite is sandy and has a fast permeablity but volcanic ash soil is silty and has a slow permeablity. We selected 8 soil series with 6 parent materials to analyze hydraulic properties of mountainous soils. Limited infiltration rates of surface soil and percolation rates of deep soil were measured with tension infiltrometer(Ejkelkamp, Netherlands) and Guelph permeameter(Soilmoisture, U.S.) in situ. Particle size distribution and organic matter with a horizon were analyzed in laboratory. The limited infiltration rates were distributed in range of 0.30 to 21.4 cm hr-1. All soils except volcanic ash soils belonged to A grade in hydrologic group of Soil Conservation Service, USDA(SCS). Limited infiltration rate had the positive relationship with sand fraction and the negative relationship with silt fraction. The coefficients of correlation were 0.72 and -0.69, respectively. Considering that Limited infiltration rates were changed exponentially with sand and silt fraction, these values were not low. Percolation rates in B horizon were in range of 0.30 to 49.2 cm hr-1. Both soils derived from volcanic ash belonged to slow and very slow class in permeablity class of SCS and five soils were included in moderate class. The correlation coefficients of percolation rate and sand and silt fractions were 0.66 and -0.88, respectively. The variation of percolation rates in C horizon was from 0.46~19.03 cm hr-1. Percolation rates in C horizon were showed the highest correlation coefficients in three horizons and the values were 0.88 with sand fraction and -0.83 with silt fraction. It can be made out that hydraulic conductivity was more influenced by soil texture in C horizon where development of soil structure is weak. Conclusively, permeablity of mountainous soil except Andisols belonged to moderate class. Saturated hydraulic conductivity in situ was high in B horizon and the effect of particle size distribution was large in C horizon.

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