Saturday, 15 July 2006
137-14

Temperature Dependent Capacitance Scaled Frequency.

Ali Fares, Natural Resources & Environmental Management Department, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1910 East-west Road, Honolulu, HI 96822 and Syamsuddin Hamdhani, University of Hawaii, 1910 East-West Road, 1910 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822.

Single and multi-sensor capacitance (SCP/MCP) probes are among the leading soil water content measuring devices that have been used by researchers, growers, and field engineers as scientific research tools, irrigation scheduling devices, and water management tools, respectively. Soil temperature effects on SCP/MCP systems have been reported for different soil types and by many researchers. This laboratory study focused on evaluating the effect of the temperature of medium on soil water content as measured by multisensor capacitance probe in two different soil types: a quartz sand and a tropical soil. Starting from oven-dried sand, water was added to the sand to obtain 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.12 and 0.38 cm3 cm-3 water content and then packed into plastic columns (32 cm height and 15 cm in diameter) for 1.3 g cm3 bulk density. This same procedure was applied for the Poamoho soil; but with different water content levels. Water was added to reach the following water contents: 0.00, 0.16, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 and 0.55 0.38 cm3 cm-3 and a bulk density of 1.2 g cm-3. Plastic columns with MCP in the middle and packed with either quartz sand or Poamoho soil at the specific water contents as described above were placed in a 30x30x52cm insulated plastic cooler used as a water bath. The water temperature in the water bath varied between 5 and 45o C from cold to hot and then from hot to cold. MCP sensors were logged every minute. The temperature of the medium inside the column was monitored using Cu-Tn thermocouples at the same time interval as MCP sensors. Three-parameter power calibration models have been used to relate MCP scaled frequency (SF) output to soil water content. Scaled frequency is defined as follows: SF = (Fa – Fs) . (Fa – Fw)-1 where Fa, Fw, and Fs are the frequency reading in air, water and, in soil, respectively. Air and water sensor frequency readings are usually taken at room temperature (22oC) initially during the normalization procedure. Water content determined by the sensor was influenced by the temperature of the medium and its type. In quartz sand, increases of sensor readings were 58, 4 and -8% as medium temperature increased from 5 to 45o C for over dried, 12 and 0.38 cm3 cm -3, respectively. Temperature effect was more pronounced for quartz sand than for Poamoho soil. MCP sensors respond differently during cooling and warming cycles. This hysteresis effect was observed regardless of the medium and/or water content levels. To correct this temperature effect, a temperature dependent scaled frequency calculation was used where frequency of both air and water were temperature dependents as shown in the following equation: SF(t) = (Fa(t) – Fs(t) ).( Fa(t) – Fw(t) )-1 where Fa(t), Fw(t), and Fs(t) are the temperature dependent frequency reading in air, water and soil, respectively. The new calibration equations that use temperature dependant scaled frequency were able to eliminate temperature effect on the MCP sensor readings.

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