Saturday, 15 July 2006
166-23

Biosolids-Amended Pasture and Cattle Grazing Impacts on Soil Solution and Water Quality.

Gueorgui Anguelov and Ivanka Anguelova. Florida A&M Univ, Banneker Tech Complex D-12, Tallahassee, FL 32307

Livestock husbandry has a significant impact on ecosystem components and nutrient cycling. Grassland is often fertilizing for maximum plant growth and better forage quality on both pasture and hay fields; to often however, less attention is paid for potential leaching. The lack of soil disturbance associated with pasture/range farms is considered beneficial for erosion reduction and soil quality improvement. On the other hand grazing animals can have a detrimental effect on the environment by creating higher level of nutrients in soil and adjacent water bodies. Our objective was to investigate soil solution yield and nutrient levels under contrast graze management, i.e. grazing plus medicated feed supplements and grazing only; and to look for possible aftereffect of 6-year earlier applied biosolids. A tension lysimeter technique was used to monitor the impact of grazing management on soil solution of a Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pasture from May 2002 to Oct 2003. The soil was defined as a well drained sandy loam (loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Paleudults). Beef-cattle trials were established with an overall objective to determine whether feeding management have an effect on weight gain of cattle raised under limited resource conditions in North Florida. A total of 18 tension lysimeters were assigned on six 0.81-ha pasture plots, i.e. three replicates by depth (61, 122, and 183 cm) for two contrasting treatments (grazing plus medicated feed and grazing only). The experimental design also allowed an aftereffect of biosolids application to be evaluated. Soil solution samples were taken biweekly and were analyzed for pH, EC, phosphorus, potassium, nitrate-nitrogen, and the data from each month were averaged as one aggregate observation per plot at each depth. Samples from the three wells on the farm, the nearby stream, and rainfall from every possible event were also collected and analyzed. SAS was used for statistical analyses. Prior to the analysis of variance, data were tested for normality. Since tension lysimeters were assigned to a field experiment that was arranged in a complete randomized design, treatments were analyzed using the GLM procedure that considered treatments and depths as main effects. Significant differences were separated at a probability level P <0.05. The preliminary results indicated that animals fed on rations with supplements weighed significantly more than those fed on graze only. Although weight gain was faster for supplemental group, the experiment demonstrated that cattle could be raised on good quality pasture and supplemented only as needed with other ration sources. Graze management and sampling time appeared as significant factors in the soil solution's pH, EC, and nitrate-N content while the depth location of the samplers is less significant. Soil solution had mean pH values of 6.84-7.11 and EC of 0.142-0.379 dS/m being significantly higher under grazing only group and the highest at 183 cm depth whilst the nitrate-N content varied greatly from 0 to a maximum of 184 mg/L. However, the mean values were lower ranging from 5 to 22 mg/L. The mean nitrate-N concentrations under grazed-only pastures are significantly higher at all observed depths and exceeded the maximum permissible level (MPL) of 10 mg/L for US drinking water which could be a precondition for groundwater enrichment with nitrates. As per the aftereffect analysis, a significant lower nitrate-N content at both 61 and 122 cm depths was observed under the plots where biosolids were applied at a double-rate 6 years earlier. At the 183 cm depth, however, the nitrate-nitrogen content was twofold higher, and similar to the one found under the other treatments. The observed mean nitrate-N concentrations under the plots amended with single-rate biosolids and the control plots were similar and twice as high as of the double application rate at the 61 and 122 cm depth. No differences were observed for phosphorus while potasium content was significantly higher in soil solution from grazed-only plots and the ones without biosolids application. Keywords: pasture, biosolids, tension lysimeter, suction cup, soil solution, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, water quality.

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