Saturday, 15 July 2006
166-27

Effect of Animal Waste Application on Crop Yield, Soil Physical and Chemical Properties.

Mohammed Zerkoune, USDA/NRCS, 4520 E Baseline Appt 1130, Phoenix, AZ 85042

Desert soils of Arizona are low in organic matter and nutrients but high in pH and salt content. Organic amendments are often incorporated into the soil as animal waste or green manure. The emergence of new dairy farms and confined animal feeding operations resulted in the increase of animal waste production. Non composted manure is often used in vegetable and field crop production to offset the cost of fertilizer and to improve soil productivity. Unless the use of animal waste is properly managed, food safety, water quality and soil capability could be compromised due to the risk of pathogens, water pollution and soil salinity increase. An experiment was conducted from 2001 to 2004 on Superstition Sandy (mixed, hyperthermic, Typic Haplocalcids) soil to evaluate the effect of beef cattle feedlot manure on yield, soil physical and chemical properties. Five treatments included 3 manure application rates, 1 standard fertilizer and 1 control. Manure was applied with a manure spreader at 8.5, 17 and 34.0 Mg ha-1 prior to planting. Standard fertilizer consisted of 100 kg P ha-1 applied before planting as 11-52-00 (N P K) and 100 kg N ha-1 applied as UN-32 with a fertilizer spreader. Manure and fertilizer including control treatments were disced at 10 cm soil depth. Additional 50 kg N ha-1 was applied at tillering. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) was drilled at 110 kg ha-1 in 2001 and 2002, durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) was drilled at 120 kg ha-1 in 2003 and sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor L Moench) was drilled at 100 kg ha-1 in 2004, during the second week of November. Plots of 46 by 46 cm were hand harvested to determine yield. Crop residue remained on the plots. At the end of each crop harvest, soil samples were collected at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 cm soil depth, air dried and analyzed in a commercial laboratory. In June 2004, 3 undisturbed soil core samples of 1.02 cm ID, and 7.6 and 30 cm deep were randomly collected using hand probe with liner, oven dried at 105 C for 24 hours and weighed to determine soil bulk density. Barley, wheat and sorghum yield (not shown) was significantly increased by manure application with the highest yield obtained from the application of 34 Mg ha-1 and the lowest yield was obtained from the control plot. In 2004 the soil bulk density has significantly decreased in upper 7.6 cm with increasing manure application rates. No change in soil bulk density was observed below 7.6 cm. Soil chemical analysis indicated that sodium, salt and zinc concentration (not shown) increased with the application of manure. Phosphorus and nitrogen increased substantially with manure application; significant P and N increase was observed bellow 30cm.

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