Genetic Diversity Among Soybean Genotypes Intended for Human Consumption and Cyst Nematode-Resistant to Composition Hybridizations.

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is an annual legume that has different purposes, among them, a growing strand relates to the direct use human consumption. There is demand for soybean cultivars with this allocation showing improvement in flavor, appearance and texture of grains, and also resistance to numerous pathogens and pests. In particular stands the cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) that causes significant loss in yield. In view of this, the objective of this work was to evaluate the promising parental with genetic diversity for these traits, allowing the identification of satisfactory contrasting parental for artificial hybridization, resulting in greater genetic variability. For this purpose, 35 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were used, distributed over the 20 linkage groups, to assess the genetic diversity of 32 soybean genotypes owned by the soybean germplasm bank for human consumption of a governmental research company (EMBRAPA/EPAMIG/Fundação Triângulo). The SSR markers were assessed using 3% (w/v) agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide. All analyzed loci were polymorphic, and 101 alleles were found. Data were analyzed by hierarchical clustering method using the Euclidean distance and the connection between groups by Ward's method. The constructed dendrogram indicate high genetic diversity among the evaluated genotypes. Using a random criterion Euclidean distance between a maximum of 13,5 linkage distance, there was formation of 4 distinct groups. Therefore, crosses between BRSMG 810C (Soybean cyst nematode-resistant cultivar) x BRSMG 790A (human consumption cultivar with yellow seed coat); and BRSMG 810C x BRSMG 800A (human consumption cultivar with brown seed coat) are promising for hybridization considering genetic diversity. Through this analysis will be possible recommend hybrid combinations that explore the variability according to desired attributes for plant breeding.