Western Burrowing Owl Artificial Habitat Support at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center.

The Burrowing Owl is the only raptor in the world that lives underground. The only migratory sub-species, the Western Burrowing Owl, found in western North America, is dependent on fossorial mammals to create the underground tunnels and burrows the owl needs for shelter and breeding habitat. Unfortunately, these mammals, such as prairie dogs, are viewed as pest species, and eradication programs have eliminated the mammals and, as a side effect, owl habitat and the owls. Complicating this situation is land conversion from native grassland, where the owls are found, to other uses for people. One of the land conversion categories, irrigated agriculture, can produce conditions that result in suitable owl habitat adjacent to the farm fields. Typically, pocket gophers attracted to the abundant food on the farm create the burrows, which are used by owls. In Arizona, the large-scale conversion of irrigated agricultural land to residential housing has displaced thousands of owls. Working with a wildlife conservation group, in 2002 Maricopa Agricultural Center (MAC) provided a location, and logistical assistance, where 100 artificial burrows could be installed. At the time, large-scale construction of artificial burrows was uncommon and long-term viability from weather was in doubt. MAC also assisted with the active translocation of displaced owls to the artificial burrows, resulting in successful breeding using release tents for the first time. The artificial burrow complex remained untouched for the next thirteen years. During that time, most of the burrows remained in use, producing juvenile owls every year and supporting local owls that needed burrows and migrants that call Arizona home in the winter. Local human visitors driving by consider their presence a daily treat. Techniques learned in 2002 have been the basis for the construction of over 5000 burrows and the relocation of over 1500 owls throughout Arizona.