48-19 Precise Nitrogen Cycling Under Row Crops with Microbial Husbandry.
See more from this Division: SSSA Division: Soil Fertility & Plant Nutrition
See more from this Session: Ph.D. Graduate Student Oral Competition
Abstract:
Synchronizing mineral nitrogen (Nmin) availability with crop demand requires precision-tuning the microbial services of N mineralization and immobilization across space and time. We focused on immobilizing labile Nmin into potentially mineralizable organic N (PMN) in the interrow away from crop roots, and in the time before peak demand. Our approach used the framework of microbial husbandry - managing an agronomic system to integrate microbial services. We hypothesized that an ideal interrow environment for stabilizing Nmin is low-disturbance, moist, and carbon (C) rich from roots and mycorrhizal fungi. We further hypothesized that zonal tillage and cover cropping make a better interrow soil environment for immobilizing Nmin than conventional management. We tested these hypotheses in a multi-year field trial in Rosemount, Minnesota, USA, which crossed two tillage systems (zonal ridge till [RT]; uniform chisel plow [CP]) with two cover crop rotations (winter rye [Secale cereale]; fallow) under corn and soybeans. Previous results confirmed that RT with rye creates the soil environment we hypothesized as ideal for N immobilization. This environment occurs precisely in the semi-disturbed interrow for the first month of the growing season, and features more moisture and C inputs than CP interrows. Therefore, to test whether microbes in RT interrows were more effective than microbes in other environments at immobilizing Nmin, we buried root- and fungi-exclusion bags of identical, sterilized soil in each environment for five weeks after planting. Soil where fungi, but not roots, were present showed the largest effect: RT enhanced immobilization relative to CP, as Nmin decreased and PMN increased by ca. 30% in RT. Rye produced no strong effect. Overall, these results demonstrate microbial husbandry for N synchrony, as zonal tillage with RT creates a soil environment that enables the microbial service of N stabilization before peak crop demand.
See more from this Division: SSSA Division: Soil Fertility & Plant Nutrition
See more from this Session: Ph.D. Graduate Student Oral Competition