Oman has a wealth of more than 1400 plant species. These include classes of food and agriculture, medicinal and herbal, ornamentals, forest, and Crop Wild Relatives (CWR). These species evolved under harsh growing environments of aridity, high temperature, and soil salinity, so the CWR diversity has particular value for national and global climate change mitigation. Current knowledge on conservation status of these species, including CWR, is very limited. The objective of this study was to produce a national CWR inventory of the 597 species, with their geographic distribution, their conservation status, and a strategy for their in situ and ex situ conservation in Oman. Several databases and records were used in this study including observations from collection missions, herbarium specimens and records in literature. The Results on number of CWR observations in the country, taxon richness of CWR, taxon prediction of CWR, and ex situ gap analysis for CWR in Oman were presented. It was found that only 15% of 597 CWR species were located inside existing protected areas. The richest areas with CWR were Jabel Al Akhdar and Bani Jabir mountains in the northern part of the country and the coastal mountains of Dhofar in the southern part. Based on the results of species richness and the impact of climate change, proposed models and mechanisms for integrating in situ and ex situ conservation of CWR were discussed including suggestions on possible new sites for protected areas specifically to conserve this unique national and global resource.