The Sultanate of Oman is the third largest and probably the most biodiverse country in the Arabian Peninsula. The biodiversity of Oman reflects its place between two biographic regions, Northern Oman’s more closely resembles that of the Asian, where further south the principal influence is Africa.

Based on the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is clear that the Sultanate of Oman is vulnerable to the potential impacts of climate change, the most significant of which are increased average temperatures, less and more erratic precipitation, sea level rise (SLR) and desertification.

In 2007 and 2010 Oman suffered heavily from severe tropical Cyclonic storms named as (Gonu) and (Phet) They had a significant adverse effect and cause heavy damage on agriculture and plant genetic resources (PGR) and cause serious damage to the economy.

The objectives of this study are to highlight the general information of the climate change and its impact on agriculture and PGR in Oman. In addition to the emphasis on the most important activities of the institutions related to the environment and climate change and their role on mitigating the risk of these changes.

The Ministries and other organizations have carried out rapid assessment and initiate a preliminary study on the identification of climate change impact which indicated that Oman is likely to be affected by climate changes.

From the review of reports and other documents it can be concluded that Oman is:

-              Vulnerable to climate change.

-              Agriculture and plant genetic resources are under increasing pressure due to climate change.,

-        Increasing population, urbanization and other factors their interaction with climate change and the environment are playing significant roles on the impact on PGR.