Modern Developments in Adsorption Modeling, Post Langmuir.

Although the Langmuir Equation has shown us how to formulate a mechanistic model, this equation applies for very simple situations, namely adsorption on a single surface site involving only one chemical reaction. However, numerous sites can be involved, numerous reactions can be involved, and numerous competitive ions can be involved. Thus, modern mechanistic models have gone far beyond Langmuir's contributions. Review of several mechanistic models will be discussed, with emphasis on how they are justified, validated, and verified.