Incidence of Tylosin, Tylosin-Resistance Genes, and Indicator Bacteria in Subsurface Drainage and Watersheds Receiving Swine Manure.

Antibiotics used in animal production result in antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms entering the soil when manure is applied.  This study quantified the  levels of  tylosin, tylosin-resistance genes (erm), and tylosin-resistant Enterococcus in soils and tile drainage water after fall application of swine manure . The results are compared to data obtained from non-manured soils and drainage water.  In addition, these data are compared to watershed-scale monitoring of tylosin and tylosin-resistance genes in a large watershed with substantial swine production and manure application on tile-drained lands.